First, piezoelectric polymers are generally considered to be more biocompatible than piezoelectric ceramics [Citation 41]. The main physical difference is how they respond to high temperatures. Various types of biodegradable polymers (e. Their applications range widely from material packaging to fabrication of the most sophisticated drug delivery devices. Polymers are a wide group of naturally created and synthetic substances constructed from large macromolecules. • Compare to responses of other polymers:-- brittle response (aligned, crosslinked & networked polymer)-- plastic response (semi-crystalline polymers) Stress-strain curves adapted from Fig. Abstract Plasma polymers are micro-, or more commonly, nano-sized coatings that can be deposited on a variety of substrates through different approaches. There’s also PC/PBT, a blend of. 9. These macromolecules are generally repeating chains of smaller molecules or monomers. D. A "weak" polyelectrolyte, by contrast, has a dissociation constant (pKa or. The methods include. Generally, production. With a black coating that reduces static electricity, these sheets are good for use in solder pallets. Polymer types. 13 min read. Uses Of Synthetic Polymers. 9. In the case of blood plasma, for example, the artificial polymers were designed to dissolve and stabilize natural protein biomarkers in the blood. As the world enters the Internet of Things (IoT) era, sensors, the key technology for IoT, are developing rapidly. The word ‘ polymer ‘ is composed of two greek words; poly = many, and mer = simple unit. Plants. Part of a molecule with only one free valence, comprising exclusively dendritic and terminal constitutional repeating units and in which each path from the free valence to. A large number of publications in the field of nanofibers have been dedicated on polymer nanofibers because of their unique properties and variability of applications [1,2,3]. Polymerization, or polymer synthesis, is a chemical reaction in which monomers are joined together by covalent bonding to form polymer structures. 1. Healing mechanisms vary from an instrinsic repair of the material to the addition of a repair agent contained in a microscopic vessel. The organic polymers comprise the classes of natural polymers (rubber, cellulose), synthetic organic. Charge. Polypropylene (PP) is a tough, rigid, and crystalline thermoplastic. 1. molecules that bond together to form repeat units in a polymer. polymers play an essential and ubiquitous role in everyday life. Special Issues are led by Guest Editors who are experts in the subject and oversee the editorial process for. Acrylate polymer. Above is a schematic representing different configurations which polymer molecules (such as alkylammonium cations) can adopt when adsorbed between clay layers, in response to the magnitude of charge density on the clay surface. Although the most common types of self-healing materials are polymers or elastomers, self-healing covers all classes of materials, including metals, ceramics, and cementitious materials. The polymer called polyethylene is used in plastic bags and film wraps. However, natural polymers also exist; rubber and wood, for example, are natural polymers that consist of a simple hydrocarbon, isoprene, according to Encyclopedia Britannica. The synthetic polymer polystyrene is used in cabinets and in packaging. 0%), and “co-polyesters”, which have multiple acids and/or glycols (38. Addition polymers from alkene monomers or substituted alkene monomers are the biggest groups of polymers in this class. This results in materials and parts with exceptional mechanical strength, temperature resistance, and flame resistance. Their structures, are normally very complex. Chemical reaction, a process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, the products. Unleash your potential and fly high with a career in aerospace manufacturing. Polymers can be found. Other Phthalate Plasticizers Used in Polymers: Butyl Benzyl Phthalate (C 19 H 20 O 4) MP: -35°C (-31°F; 238 K) BP: 370°C (698°F; 643 K) It is an ester of phthalic acid, benzyl alcohol and n-butanol. Polymer Journal has published special issues on biorelated polymers in the past [21,22,23]. Natural polymers can be divided into two classes based on their origin, mainly plant-derived and animal-derived natural polymers (Kulkarni et al. Copolymers is made when two or more different monomers are polymerized together to. A synthetic polymer may be loosely described as crystalline if it contains regions of three-dimensional ordering on atomic (rather than macromolecular) length scales, usually arising from intramolecular folding and/or stacking of adjacent chains. As indicated in Table 1, polymers used in PMCMs are tens to. Chemistry, the science of the properties, composition, and structure of substances (defined as elements and compounds), the transformations they undergo, and the energy that is released or absorbed during these processes. The 3D-printed conducting polymers show small changes in the electrical conductivity (less than 5%) across a wide range of tensile and compressive bending conditions (radius of curvature, ±1–20. Polymers containing microcrystalline regions (ie, semicrystalline polymers) are generally tougher (can be bent more without breaking) and more impact-resistant than totally amorphous polymers. Agarose, chitosan, keratin, silk or synthetic poly (hydroxybutyrate) or polyurethanes are experimental polymers for nerve guidance conduits. Conducting polymers are extensively studied due to their outstanding properties, including tunable electrical property, optical and high mechanical properties, easy synthesis and effortless fabrication and high environmental stability over conventional inorganic materials. Covering a broad range of polymer science topics, Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing provides polymer industry professionals and researchers in polymer science and technology with a single, comprehensive handbook summarizing all aspects involved in the polymer production chain. While use of natural polymers, such as cellulose and starches, is still. Synthetic polymers have a lot of desirable properties, which is a big plus. Plastics, which are manufactured polymers, are frequently referred to as polymers. The length of the polymer chain is. Biodegradable polymers are materials that can work for a limited time before degrading into readily discarded products through a regulated procedure 7. Films. PET is spun into fibres for permanent-press fabrics and blow-molded into disposable beverage bottles. Polymers stabilize soils through interactions with soil particles. The hydroxyl functionalities are easily accessible, although such polymers possess a definite 3D structure, which is mainly based on the character. [1] [2] [3] There are many forms of polymerization and different systems exist to. Bio-based polymers that exhibit superior performance relative to petroleum-based incumbents can encourage industry adoption and offset fossil carbon use. In the second stage, the thermosets are only partly soluble, and they tend to display the characteristics of a thermoplastic where the changes are reversible. There are polymers produced from feedstocks derived either from. Resin: • Dissipate loads to the fiber network • Maintain fiber orientation • Protect the fiber network from damaging environmental. Extrusion processes are widely used in industries that aim to produce advanced solutions for increasingly sophisticated demands in the plastic, food, and pharmaceutical sectors. Laser-induced selective metallization (LISM). Static-Dissipative MultipurposeFlame-Retardant G-11/FR5 Garolite Sheets. SEM picture of a bend in a high-surface area polyester fiber with a seven-lobed cross section. The. Ethylene glycol. Think of a polymer as a chain, with each of its links a monomer. Come see us in person at our Poler Flagship store located. Electroactive polymers (EAPs) are a type of flexible, elastic polymer (elastomer) that change size or shape when stimulated by an electric field 1,2. Polymer and Plastic Manufacturing. Action with metals has a negative impact on heat-aging stability. 24, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The "Technology and IP Analysis of Upcycled Polymers" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets. Biomedical polymers are macromolecular compounds obtained from natural origin. 3 products. Fibres have sharp and high melting points. Polymer also publishes work on the technological application of polymers in energy and optoelectronics. Polymers Question 3: Identify the correct statements from the following : (a) CO 2 (g) is used as refrigerant for ice-cream and frozen food. are examples of natural polymers. Belgian Polymer Group (BPG), European Colloid & Interface Society (ECIS), National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM) and North American Thermal Analysis Society (NATAS) are affiliated with Polymers and their members receive a discount on. Thermal analysis is used to study the thermal stability, melting point, glass transition temperature (Tg), and flammability, etc. In 2017, PET made up 34% of the total plastics market. Polymers are those that consist of duplicate structural units known as monomers. Most synthetic polymers are derived from petroleum oil, and different types include nylon, polyethylene, polyester, rayon, Teflon and epoxy. Thermoplastic Polymers Properties. Some important polymers and their application include: PVC is used for making sea water pipes, also fresh water. The organic polymers comprise the classes of natural polymers (rubber, cellulose), synthetic organic. Xu and her team also created a mix of synthetic polymers to replace the liquid inside a cell, the so-called cytosol. Various types of biodegradable polymers (e. The IUPAC Gold Book definition of a macromolecule is: “A molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units. Graft copolymers 1–4 are one of the important. Use Website In a Screen-Reader Mode. Polymers are extensively exploited as active materials in a variety of electronics and energy devices because of their tailorable electrical properties, mechanical flexibility, facile processability, and they are lightweight. The plastic kits and covers are mostly made of synthetic polymers like polythene, and tires. MS of polymers and polymeric surfaces is a comprehensive field of ongoing polymer-based researches. Thermosetting vs. By far the most important industrial polymers (for example, virtually all the commodity plastics) are polymerized olefins. e. A microcapsule is an intermediate state which is added to solutions, fibres, films and nonwovens to. Classification Of Polymer On Different Basis Devansh Gupta. They behave in a relatively ductile manner but often have low strength. This video covers: how to identif. Application of polymer in OCEAN Polymers are used as a metal alternative in sea application because of their excellent properties such as, light weight, no corrosion, high strength etc. While using this network, a personal workspace account can be created to save your bookmarks and search preferences for later use. This makes it difficult to separate the biodegradable polymers from the other materials. This article will delve into more detail on the production and application. 1 31. Most of the polymers described above are classified as thermoplastic. Polymers are large molecules made of small, repeating molecular building blocks called monomers. Polymers. 6 Time to first decision (peer reviewed only): 28 daysLiquid crystal polymers (LCPs) are polymers with the property of liquid crystal, usually containing aromatic rings as mesogens. Major disadvantages of non-biodegradable implants include the need for surgical removal, or accumulation of. The size and compositional and structural richness of polymers are all critical in determining the properties of the material, and the diversity of each trait is tied to the simple fact that the molecules each consist of. Smart polymers for textile applications. More recently, polymers have replaced metals and ceramics in applications like constructions, aerospace, automobiles, and medical. Page ID. These types of polymers show the greatest promise for bio-mimetic uses as collagen fibers are essentially composed of natural charged ionic polymers. Polymers are both man-made and naturally occurring. Biomedical composites are flexible and are resistant to chemical attack. 1: Polymer Chemistry- Classification of Polymers is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by David Whisnant. The term melting point, when applied to crystalline polymers, suggests a transition from a crystalline or semicrystalline phase to an amorphous melt phase. A SILENT REVOLUTION. The recent development of incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles to polymers permits the alteration of the polymer’s physical as well as chemical properties just as the execution of new highlights in the polymer network. Polymers consist of many repeating monomer units in long chains, sometimes with branching or cross-linking between the chains. 14. This system should contain an in-line degasser, an isocratic pump, a minimum 1 guard and 2 analytical columns, column oven, and either a ultraviolet absorbance (UV) or refractive index detector. Polymers are created by the process of polymerization, wherein their constituent elements, called monomers, are reacted together to form polymer chains, i. Donald G. Starches in plants such as potatoes and maize. Experimental results related. Thermoplastic polymers can be either amorphous or crystalline. Lu, in Smart Polymers and their Applications, 2014. Learning Objectives. Particular emphasis is placed on the wide-ranging. 3D printing processes are well established to produce 3D objects composed of polymers and polymer composites. They make up the components of many objects used in daily life: plastic containers, nylon products. Especially investigations on structure-property relationships of hydrophilic polymers. Updated on September 08, 2019 A polymer is a large molecule made up of chains or rings of linked repeating subunits, which are called monomers. Branched polymers have attracted increasing interest due to their numerous and various applications originating from a large variety of available polymer topologies, compositions, or morphologies for phase separating systems, as emulsifier and interfacial compatibilizers, or for surface modification properties. 1132. 4 Characterization of Thermal Properties of Polymers. Foam. 2. 40 MV/m. g. A polymer is analogous to a necklace made from many small beads (monomers. The product is polystyrene. The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of 12 polyfluorinated polymers in cosmetic products; most of these ingredients have the. The initial synthesis of polymerizable betaine monomers, followed by copolymerization with other functional monomers is an achievable approach [54, 58]. Monomers. Polymers. It will be demonstrated through our various polyurethane solutions based on bio-based or recycled materials, or optimizing production processes that enables a more sustainable future. Experience on the job training, comprehensive benefit packages,. Hydrophilic polymers are a major area of polymer research with prominent fields of application, e. Polymers that can respond to external stimuli are of great interest in medicine, esp. Plastics and Polymers. as controlled drug release vehicles. A common example is that of Nylon-66, which is used in carpets and apparels. Polymers usually have high melting and boiling points. Bottom of a vacuum-formed cup; fine details such as the glass and fork food contact materials symbol and the resin identification code symbol are easily molded. One of the better-known examples of a graft polymer is a component used in high impact polystyrene, consisting of a polystyrene. A microcapsule is an intermediate state which is added to solutions, fibres, films and nonwovens to. This chapter gives an introduction to polymers and polymer types. POLYMERS Harshal Varade. Carbohydrate polymers are large molecules made up of repeating units of monosaccharides, which are simple sugars. 1: Polymers. Polymers are a wide group of naturally created and synthetic substances constructed from large macromolecules. Page ID. Liquid crystal polymers are capable of forming regions of highly ordered structure while in the liquid phase. 2. The size of these molecules, as is explained in chemistry of industrial polymers, is extraordinary, ranging in the thousands and even millions of atomic mass units (as opposed to the tens of atomic. From a collection of the mentioned studies and other valuable researches, there is a comprehensive classification of natural polymers currently used in food packaging, which is summarized in Table 16. 81. Polymers can also be classified on the basis of their structure, molecular forces or modes of polymerisation. For example Polyethylene, Polypropylene; Condensation Polymers: These are formed on the separation of small molecules such as \(H_2O\), \(NH_3\), HCI etc. This reflects the fact that above Tg they may be shaped or pressed into molds, spun or cast from melts or dissolved in suitable solvents for later fashioning. Solid epoxies are resins that are capable of bonding to damp or wet surfaces. The handbook. PMMA is a. Polymers, a large class of materials, consist of many small molecules named monomers that are linked together to form long chains and are used in a lot of products and goods that we use in daily life. Tacticity (from Greek: τακτικός, romanized : taktikos, "relating to arrangement or order") is the relative stereochemistry of adjacent chiral centers within a macromolecule. It is impressive to consider that Polyolefins, made from simple monomers containing only carbon and hydrogen, can be used in a wide variety of applications []. Saroj K. K. DOI: 10. (c) ZSM-5, a type of zeolite, is used to convert alcohols into gasoline. Polymers can be added with aluminum pigments having high aspect ratios. An example of a statistical polymer is Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) which is a rubber of styrene and butadiene monomers. A class of organic polymers, known as conducting polymers (CPs), has become increasingly popular due to its unique electrical and optical properties. Examples of naturally occurring polymers are silk, wool, DNA, cellulose and proteins. 1130. Biopolymer. g. Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV/TPE-V) Thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) is a milestone in the development of elastomeric alloys. Stimuli-responsive gels. Polymer engineering is generally an engineering field that designs, analyses, and modifies polymer materials. 1. The review provides the overview of the mechanism of polymer, properties, characterization of polymer and future of polymer technology which should be considered are involved. All kinds of polymers, either conventional engineering polymer or newly developed one, from thermoset and thermoplastic to vitrimer, are included. Polymers are long chain, giant organic molecules are assembled from many smaller molecules called monomers. These compounds are not very stable. Special Issues. Chehimi. Synthetic Polymers: These are the type. The polymers sessions are prerequisites for Sessions 30-32 on biochemistry. The principles and methods used within polymer chemistry are also applicable through a wide range of other chemistry sub-disciplines like organic chemistry. Polystyrene ( PS) / ˌpɒliˈstaɪriːn / is a synthetic polymer made from monomers of the aromatic hydrocarbon styrene. Some of these natural polymers. Natural polymers occur in nature and can be extracted. Developing polymers with high electrical conductivity (σ) after n-doping is a great challenge for the advance of the field of organic thermoelectrics (OTEs). Linear polymers, which are composed of chainlike molecules, may be viscous liquids or solids with varying degrees of crystallinity; a number of them can be dissolved in certain liquids, and they soften or melt upon heating. Researchers develop biodegradable polymers that are traceable without toxic contrast agents. Water-absorbing polymers, which are classified as hydrogels when mixed, absorb aqueous solutions. An addition polymer is a polymer which is formed by an addition reaction,. These polymers are formed either by the process of addition polymerization or condensation polymerization. 1. Similarly, polyelectrolytes can be divided into "weak" and "strong" types. Thermosetting polymer. They can be animal-based or plant-based. Superabsorbent polymers have been used since the 1950s to serve many functions within soil and agricultural sciences (El Hady, Tayel, & Lofty, 1981). COOH COOH COOH COOH. Any applications. In addition, SAPs can act as a. Polymers, EISSN 2073-4360, Published by MDPI RSS Content Alert. It is also the simplest polymer, consisting of random-length (but generally very long) chains made up of two-carbon units. As we learned above concerning the properties of. A polymer ( / ˈpɒlɪmər /; [4] [5] ) is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules called macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits. Latex polymers, redispersible dry polymers, water-soluble polymers are. [2] Photo-oxidation causes the polymer chains to break ( chain scission ), resulting in the material becoming. Polymers are classed as follows based on the type of polymerization: Condensation Polymers: These polymers combine monomers and remove tiny molecules such as water and alcohol. , Nylon-6'6, Terylene, SBR, etc. Covering a broad range of polymer science topics, Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing provides polymer industry professionals and researchers in polymer science and technology with a single, comprehensive handbook summarizing all aspects involved in the polymer production chain. The methods include DTA, DSC, DMA, TMA, and TGA. Synthetic polymers represent a very large subfamily of materials for developing biomaterials as autologous or donated graft material for bone tissue engineering. Polymers. Due to the extensive safety testing required for new excipient approval, the introduction and use of new. The word polymer comes from the Greek words for “many parts. The building block or the repeating unit in the polymer is called a monomer. Description. N. 2 Microcapsules. Polymers make up many of the materials in living organisms, and they constitute the basis of certain minerals and human-made materials, such as paper and plastics. The type of polymerization mechanism used depends on the type of functional groups attached to the reactants. Figure 7. 'Hydrolysis,' from Greek, means to 'break with water. Polymers also form the basis for synthetic fibers, rubbers, and plastics. Editor-in-chief: Christopher Barner-Kowollik Impact factor: 4. Piezoelectric polymers have some distinct advantages in these cell culture applications. 15 is from Z. Exercise 31. 3. Shukla. Polymers have been widely applied in various fields in the daily routines and the manufacturing. 9. Polymers were only believed to be insulators until 1977, and then the “conductivity of polymers” concept came out. Differentiation between these classes is best defined by their behaviour under applied heat. Dr. A "strong" polyelectrolyte is one that dissociates completely in solution for most reasonable pH values. The activities that include both practicals and questions help. Polymers make up many of. Polymers used to manufacture implantable drug delivery devices can be divided into two categories: biodegradable and non-biodegradable . Polymer also publishes work on the technological application of polymers in energy and optoelectronics. Accessibility Screen-Reader Guide, Feedback, and Issue ReportingPolymers combine flexibility with strength since their chains can be stretched several times their normal length without breaking. Polymers are essential components of many drug delivery systems and biomedical products. Because adding one monomer to another forms this polymer, polyethylene is an. [9] About 40 million tons of PVC are produced each year. Biodegradable polymer Examples include PHB, PGA, PLA, and PHBV. Piezoelectric polymers have some distinct advantages in these cell culture applications. Addition polymers are formed by addition reactions that link together monomers containing multiple bonds. Polymers, EISSN 2073-4360, Published by MDPI RSS Content Alert. 8K views•19 slides. The world of plastics and polymer analysis is full of subtleties, from the right monomer, additives and fillers to the use of polymer blends to precisely design the properties of the. With the vast array of product types and additives available, understanding the capabilities and limitations of a material is a key concern to. The Golden Triangle is an integrated polymers facility being developed in Orange County, Texas in the US. Material characteristics of CPs are similar to those of some metals and inorganic semiconductors, while retaining polymer properties such as flexibility, and ease of processing and. Polymers are molecular materials that exhibit a variety of forms and functions and are the basis of many industries. Polymers are the most common materials used in the production of nanofibers. Shape memory polymers (SMP's) in optoelectronic devices. The wear resistance and abrasion resistance of thermoplastic polymers are improved by the use. Static-Dissipative MultipurposeFlame-Retardant G-11/FR5 Garolite Sheets. These are also called man-made polymers and have been developed in the present century to meet the ever-increasing demand of modern civilization. One example is a polymer that undergoes conformational change in response to pH change. Polymers and their properties - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Polymers are both man-made and naturally occurring. 2. At PU Tech 2023, BASF will accelerate its innovations for the green journey. The most. The common PET bottles are made of a synthetic polymer, polyethylene terephthalate. Polyacetals POM. Updated on September 08, 2019 A polymer is a large molecule made up of chains or rings of linked repeating subunits, which are called monomers. LCPs are herein discussed, in particular their molecular structures and phases, which posses unique properties i. Addition of molecular cross-links to polymers increases mechanical strength and improves corrosion resistance. Cellulose is the most abundant polymer, natural or synthetic, on the earth. Properties of a Polymer: Polymers can be defined as any class of natural ( Polymers may be naturally found in plants and animals) or (Polymers that are man-made) synthetic substances built from significantly large molecules, called macromolecules that are manifolds of simpler chemical units known as monomers. 2 Microcapsules. Bioabsorbable Polymers. Polymers are substances containing a large number of structural units joined by the same type of linkage. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), one of the well-known eco-friendly biodegradables and biobased polyesters, has been studied extensively and is considered to be a promising substitute to petroleum. Non-biodegradable polymers are those polymers which are chemically inert and hence are not able to decompose. Adjacent chains are joined together by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding. Their plasticity makes it possible for plastics to be moulded, extruded or pressed into solid objects of various shapes. Polymers can be characterized using size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Rubber, for example, is a natural polymeric material that has been used for thousands of years. Learning Objectives. [1] In popular usage, "vinyl" refers only to polyvinyl chloride (PVC). This handbook provides an introduction to and reference information about the science behind the production and use of particulate fillers in polymer applications. Crystalline polymers have greater chemical resistance due to their densification. Commercial plastics are known as resins in North America, and are made of polymers. Enzymes, nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates are polymers of natural origin. Hybrid systems composed of conjugated polymers and inorganic semiconductor nanocrystals such as quantum dots (QDs) and nanorods (QRs) represent. B Film Casting. Central nervous system. • binders such as resins or polymers - These materials differ in form or composition on a macroscale. These intermolecular forces are relatively weak and determine the ability of linear polymers to soften or melt upon heating, defining the so. The classification of polymers has three elements: Thermoplastic(TP) polymers, thermosetting(TS) polymers, and elastomers(E). The origin of the word polymer lies in the Greek polu for “many” and meros for “part:” consisting of many parts. The deformation of polymeric. Natural polymers: The polymers which are obtained naturally are called natural polymers. In daily life, it is most commonly referred to as a form of fiber called Polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Artificial polymers include such plastics (defined below) as polyethylene, styrofoam, and Saran wrap; fibers such as nylon, Dacron (polyester), and rayon; and other materials such as Formica, Teflon, and PVC pipe. It is one of several types of silicone. Polymers are materials made of long, repeating chains of molecules. n CH 2 =CH 2 → [ CH 2 CH 2 ] n. Many people think of polymers simply as plastics used for packaging, in household objects and for making fibres, but this is just the tip of the iceberg. It is no surprise therefore that examples of substances composed of natural polymers would be starch, wool, and rubber. Polymers are materials made of long, repeating chains of molecules. The principles and methods used within polymer chemistry are also applicable through a wide range of other chemistry sub-disciplines like organic chemistry. Polymers are long chain, giant organic molecules are assembled from many smaller molecules called monomers. , they form under the influence of. These polymers have various functions in living organisms, including energy storage and structural support. Smart polymers appear in highly specialized applications and everyday products alike. The development of polymer nanocomposites has been an area of high scientific and industrial interest in the recent years, due to several improvements achieved in these materials, as a result of the combination of a polymeric matrix and, usually, an inorganic nanomaterial. Synthetic polymers are known as plastics. In essence, they are materials that can ‘remember’ what shape they were and return to that shape when some stimulus, like heat or light, is applied. Plastic as we use commonly is the most broadly used synthetic polymer. A ball-and-stick model of syndiotactic polypropylene. Polymer stars, where multiple arms radiate from a single core molecule, have found particular utility in the areas of drug delivery and nanotechnology. Naturally, polymers are found all around us; from DNA strands to minerals such as diamonds and quartz and man-made materials like concrete, glass, paper and plastics. With a focus on structure-property relationships, this book describes how polymer morphology affects properties and how scientists can modify them. 1 27. Examples include polyethylene-vinyl acetate (PEVA), nitrile rubber, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have revealed numerous applications in aerospace, automobile, sports, and many other industries [ 63, 64, 65 ]. In this regard, it is widely accepted that polymer properties such as chemistry, charge, and block composition, as.